In October 2025, the EU's Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 2.5% year-on-year, up 0.2% month-on-month, indicating that inflation pressures remain moderate. Over the past six months, inflation has shown a gradual upward trend, increasing from 2.2% in May to 2.5% in October. While overall inflation remains within a manageable range, core inflation indicators continue to exhibit persistence, reflecting ongoing price pressures outside the energy sector. By component, food and non-alcoholic beverages prices rose 3.2% year-on-year, contributing significantly to inflationary pressure; service prices increased by 3.7%, remaining high and underscoring the continued pass-through of labor costs into prices. In contrast, energy prices were unchanged year-on-year at 0.0%, suggesting reduced impact from international energy market fluctuations on overall EU inflation. Non-energy industrial goods prices rose slightly by 0.6%, indicating limited manufacturing cost pressures. Core inflation, excluding energy, stood at 2.7%, while "approximate core" inflation, excluding both food and energy, remained steady at 2.5%. This suggests that despite the absence of significant energy-driven pressure, sustained price increases in services and food are maintaining inflation resilience. Analysts note that future inflation trends will hinge on the sustainability of service demand and wage growth, urging policymakers to monitor potential structural inflation risks while maintaining a prudent monetary policy balance.